بخشنامه ها و آئین نامه های نظام فنی و اجرایی کشور

"Key References: Example" This book provides a comprehensive review of PPPs, including guidance to practitioners about key aspects of designing and implementing PPP policy and projects. Chapter 5 provides guidelines for public-sector appraisal of PPP projects. "Key References: What is a PPP?" Chapter 1: “What are Public-Private Partnerships” describes the range of PPP structures and how these are classified. "Key References: How PPPs Are Financed" Provides comprehensive coverage of PPP financing: putting PPPs in context; describing financial analysis of PPPs and how this informs investment decisions by both public and private parties; debt financing structures and sources; how PPP financing plans are constructed; and how financing requirements are reflected in contractual terms. "Key References: PPP Project Appraisal" Chapter 5: The Public-Sector Investment Decisions describes the factors that a public authority should consider when deciding to invest in new public infrastructure via a PPP, and how these can be assessed. "Key References: Structuring PPP Projects" Chapter 14 on risk evaluation and transfer describes types of risk that are common to PPP projects. "Key References: Designing PPP Contracts" Chapter 13: “Service-fee Mechanism” describes the different possible payment mechanisms (focusing on government-pays PPPs) and their implications for risk allocation and bankability. Chapter 15: “Changes in Circumstances and Termination” describes mechanisms to deal with changing costs and risks (compensation and relief events), step-in and substitution, and termination payment provisions for different causes of termination. "Key References: Managing PPP Transactions" Section 6.5 “Due Diligence” describes some of the issues the implementing agency should check before contracting is completed—including describing the requirements to reach financial close.